Statement to the G7
Finance Ministers, on the occasion of their
meeting in Halifax, Canada
Initiated by: ActionAid USA; Africa Action;
the
50 Years Is Enough Network; and TransAfrica Forum
We, the undersigned
groups, call upon you, the Finance Ministers of the G7 countries, to use
the occasion of your meeting on June 14-15 to commit to an agenda that
will address Africa's most critical economic
challenges.
We welcome the proposed
focus on Africa at this year's G7 Summit
in Kananaskis, Canada, and we urge you to ensure that
action is taken that will make a real difference in reducing
poverty and promoting
development. It is critical that this meeting create a new framework for
partnership between the G7 and African countries, based on a firm
commitment to dismantling the barriers to Africa's economic development
and addressing the continent's most urgent priorities.
The official African
initiative, entitled the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD),
is likely to frame much of the discussion at the G7 meetings. This is a
significant new plan defined by a group of African leaders that seeks to
address the continent's development challenges. However, NEPAD is still an
emerging initiative that requires broader consultation among African
leaders and civil society. In recent weeks, many of the most-respected
African civil society organizations and coalitions [e.g. the Council for
Development and Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), Third World
Network-Africa, and the Trade Union
Advisory Committee to the OECD Group, as well as many
prominent African development experts, have publicly deplored the
extremely limited consultations -- which excluded many African
governments entirely, as well as the continent's civil society --
involved in drafting NEPAD. In its current state, NEPAD reflects
the prevailing economic perspectives of donor countries rather than those
defined by Africans themselves. It cannot become the cornerstone for a new
partnership between African governments and
G7 governments until it has first become a partnership
between African governments and their own people. Unless this
initiative is more fully informed by African voices, it cannot be
regarded as a blueprint for Africa's development.
The focus of the
upcoming G7 meetings, therefore, should be on
the particular role and responsibilities of the G7 countries
themselves. The agenda must address the actions required of G7 governments
to remove the impediments to poverty reduction in Africa. The G7 Action
Plan for Africa, drafted in secret by officials
of G7 countries and designed to complement NEPAD, does not
address Africa's most immediate priorities. The Plan utterly fails
to focus on the concrete
actions already available to G7 governments
that would have a real and positive impact. Specifically, the
G7 governments have the power
to cancel Africa's oppressive burden of
illegitimate foreign debt; the resources to increase investments
in human development and especially to fully finance the Global
Fund for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; and the
influence to redress the
structural imbalance in trade relations between rich and
poor countries. This should be the Africa agenda in Halifax and Kananaskis.
Africa's burden of
foreign debt, much of it arguably illegitimate or
"odious," represents the single largest obstacle to the
continent's development. So
long as African countries are forced to spend
almost $15 billion per year repaying debts to G7 countries and the
international financial institutions, they will be unable to
address their urgent domestic
needs. The constant outward flow of desperately
needed resources undermines poverty reduction
initiatives and cripples efforts to cope with the devastating
impact of the HIV/AIDS
crisis. The current international debt relief
framework, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, has failed to resolve Africa's debt crisis. Even by its own
measure, this framework is not reducing debt to levels described by
the World Bank as "sustainable". The HIPC plan is a
flawed approach to addressing Africa's debt crisis. It offers
insufficient relief to a limited
number of countries, it ties debt relief to specific austerity
measures, and it serves chiefly the interests of creditors. It
fails also to address the
question of illegitimacy hovering over so much
of this debt. "Enhancements" of HIPC at this time
of gathering crises could
only be seen as a shell game. A serious commitment
to addressing Africa's challenges must begin by releasing the
continent from debt bondage.
There is an urgent need
for a greater commitment of resources from
the G7 countries to support African efforts to address the continent's
health crisis and related social and economic challenges. Increased public
investment of this kind should be seen as an obligation of G7 countries.
The enormous wealth of the world's richest countries is directly related
to the impoverishment of Africa
and the global South more broadly. The growing disparity between the poor
and the wealthy in the world is both unconscionable and destabilizing.
More money is essential
to address the impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa and to stem the
spread of the pandemic worldwide. The Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria is an important new mechanism to finance the war
on AIDS. Currently, its
effectiveness is being undermined by a lack of funding from rich country
governments. Whereas the Global Fund requires $10
billion a year if it is to succeed in financing both prevention and
treatment, especially the provision of essential medicines, less than
$2 billion has been pledged so far. The war on AIDS can be won.
But only if the G7 commits far greater resources than it has to
date.
Just as the committed
funding for combating HIV/AIDS is far short of what is needed, so too are
resources, including fresh research in
the service of the public interest rather than private profit,
dedicated to fighting health challenges with a longer history in Africa.
Diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria remain major killers in Africa,
despite the fact that we already know how to control them; what we lack is
the political will and the resources to
get effective treatment to Africans.
More broadly, the G7
should invest in promoting health and education for Africa's people as a
foundation for sustainable growth. It is widely recognized that such
investments in human development are indispensable to poverty reduction.
They are also essential if the Millennium Development Goals are to be met.
Yet, levels of development assistance from rich countries have fallen in a
consistent downward trend in the past decade. Despite repeated commitments
from western governments to provide 0.7% of their gross national product
(GNP) for official development assistance, not one of the G7 countries
reaches half of that figure. The true measurement of the G7's new
commitment to Africa will be revealed
by the degree to which these figures change as a result of
the Kananaskis summit.
While debt cancellation
and increased public investment by rich countries must form two key
pillars of a successful approach to Africa's economic challenges, trade
can also play an important role. In
order for trade to generate sustainable growth, however, there
must be a more equitable trading relationship between rich
countries and African countries. Over the past two decades, the
vulnerability and marginalization of African countries in the global
economy has been exacerbated rather than eased by trade
liberalization policies imposed by external powers. Africa's share of
world trade has declined to less than half of what it was in 1980,
resting now at only 1.5%. African economies remain over-dependent
on primary commodities, while trade barriers imposed
by rich countries severely restrict access for African products to
foreign markets. Changing this dynamic will require a commitment on the
part of the G7 countries to simplify expanded market access for African
goods and to dismantle trade barriers. It will necessitate
the establishment of more equitable terms of trade and an end to
the current double standards in international trade rules. At
present, developing countries face
tariff barriers that are four times higher
than those encountered by rich countries. These barriers cost
poor countries an estimated
$100 billion a year. Trade can only be a
successful contributor to economic growth in Africa to the extent that the G7 countries take actions to level the playing field
in the global economy.
Finally, a new
partnership between the G7 and African countries must be based on a shift
away from the practice of imposing economic policies dictated by G7
governments and the International
Financial Institutions. Instead, a true partnership must
focus on priorities and strategies defined by African countries
themselves to reduce poverty and promote development.
Your meeting in Halifax
must move beyond rhetoric to immediate actions such as debt cancellation
that would make a real difference for Africa's people.
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